МикроРНК В КЛИНИЧЕСКОЙ ЛАБОРАТОРНОЙ ДИАГНОСТИКЕ И ЛЕЧЕНИИ ТЕРМИЧЕСКИХ ПОРАЖЕНИЙ (обзор литературы)

Аннотация

Представлен анализ клинических и экспериментальных данных о применении различных микроРНК в качестве диагностических и фармакологических агентов, актуальных при термических поражениях. Поиск литературных источников проведен по ключевым словам «биомаркеры микроРНК», «микроРНК при термических поражениях», «маркеры септических осложнений», «микроРНК в патогенезе заболеваний», «microRNA in clinical diagnosis», «microRNA in burn injures» в реферативных базах данных eLibrary, PubMed, Scopus, MedLine, CyberLeninka, Google Scholar. В анализ вошли оригинальные исследования, обзоры и мета-анализы, опубликованные на русском и английском языках не ранее 2009 года.
Ожоговая травма является актуальной медико-социальной проблемой во всем мире. Молекулярно-генетические исследования предлагают новые высокочувствительные и специфичные биомаркеры для создания эффективных панелей, способных обеспечить раннюю диагностику септических осложнений, разработку новых методов лечения, в том числе при термических поражениях.
МикроРНК — класс некодирующих РНК, длиной 18-25 нуклеотидов со специфичной шпилечной структурой. Пост-транскрипционные регуляторные механизмы микроРНК-интерференции в трансляции матричной РНК регулируют экспрессию генов совместно с белок-транскрипционными факторами практически всех клеточных и метаболических процессов.
В исследованиях последних лет широко обсуждаются подходы к применению микроРНК в качестве перспективного инструмента ранней молекулярной диагностики и подходов к лечению различных патологических процессов на основе антисенсовых РНК, в том числе при термических поражениях.

Annotation

The article presents an analysis of clinical and experimental data on the use of various microRNAs as diagnostic and pharmacological agents relevant for thermal injuries. The literature search was conducted using the keywords «microRNA biomarkers», «microRNA in thermal injuries», «markers of septic complications», «microRNA in disease pathogenesis», «microRNA in clinical diagnosis», «microRNA in burn injuries» in the abstract databases eLibrary, PubMed, Scopus, MedLine, CyberLeninka and Google Scholar. The analysis included original studies, reviews and meta-analyses published in Russian and English not earlier than 2009.
Burn injury is a pressing medical and social problem worldwide. Molecular genetic studies offer new highly sensitive and specific biomarkers for the creation of effective panels capable of providing early diagnosis of septic complications, as well as the development of new treatment methods, including for thermal injuries. MicroRNA is a class of non-coding RNAs, 18-25 nucleotides long, with a specific hairpin structure. Post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of microRNA interference in the translation of mRNA coordinate gene expression together with protein transcription factors of almost all cellular metabolic processes. Thus, in recent years, approaches to the use of microRNA as a promising tool for early molecular diagnostics and approaches to the treatment of various pathological processes, including thermal injuries, have been widely discussed in studies.
Key words: thermal injuries; burns; microRNA-based clinical diagnosis; sepsis biomarkers

Об авторах

Список литературы

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