ЛАБОРАТОРНЫЕ СТРАТЕГИИ ДИАГНОСТИКИ COVID-19: СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ И ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ (ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ)
ISSN: 0869-2084 (Print) ISSN: 2412-1320 (Online)
Аннотация
Пандемия COVID-19, спровоцированная новым коронавирусом SARS-CoV-2, вызвала всплеск заболеваемости по всему миру. Стремительное распространение инфекции вызвало тяжелейший кризис глобального здравоохранения и мировой экономики. Для предотвращения дальнейшего распространения пандемии важна быстрая и точная диагностика инфекции. Стандартным методом выявления коронавируса является полимеразная цепная реакция с обратной транскрипцией (ОТ-ПЦР). ОТ-ПЦР требует дорогостоящего оборудования, специальной подготовки персонала, что ограничивает проведение массового тестирования и удлиняет время получения результата исследования. Серологические тесты на антитела против SARS-CoV-2 и определения защитного иммунитета у различных групп населения используют для ретроспективного выявления пациентов, перенесших бессимптомную и лёгкую форму инфекции, мониторинга протекания инфекции у госпитализированных больных, с целью отслеживания контактов и эпидемиологического надзора. Использование стандартных методов диагностики COVID-19 в условиях массовой заболеваемости, особенно при дефиците ресурсов и отсутствии соответствующей инфраструктуры связано с целым рядом ограничений. Поиск и разработка новых быстрых недорогих, простых, бесприборных, но не менее чувствительных и специфичных тестов является актуальной задачей. В обзоре рассматриваются новые лабораторные технологии диагностики новой инфекции — петлевая изотермическая амплификация (LAMP) и иммунохроматографический анализ (ИХА), которые могут стать реальной альтернативой используемым молекулярным и иммуноферментным технологиям. Динамическое развитие этих методов в последние годы расширяет перспективы их использования как для диагностики COVID-19, так и мониторинга пандемии.
Об авторах
ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Г.П. Сомова» 690087, Владивосток, Российская Федерация д-р мед. наук, вед. науч. сотр. andrukov_bg@mail.ru
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