ЛИСТЕРИОЗНАЯ ИНФЕКЦИЯ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОЙ НЕРВНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ: ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЯ, КЛИНИКА, ПАТОГЕНЕЗ И ДИАГНОСТИКА (ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ)

Аннотация

В последние годы в мире участились вспышки и спорадические случаи листериозной инфекции. Listeria monocytogenes, возбудитель листериоза, контаминирующий продукты питания, может вызывать потенциально смертельные инфекции. Листериоз относится к заболеваниям, характеризующимся полиморфизмом клинических проявлений, многообразием вариантов течения и исходов болезни. К листериозным поражениям центральной нервной системы (ЦНС) относятся листериозный менингит, листериозный менингоэнцефалит, листериозный церебрит (абсцесс мозга), листериозный энцефалит ствола мозга (мезенромбэнцефалит). Это достаточно редкие заболевания, встречающиеся, в основном, у пациентов с ослабленным иммунитетом или у пожилых людей. Листериозный энцефалит описан у лиц, которые ранее были здоровы, и распознать это заболевание, особенно на ранних стадиях, довольно сложно. Листериозные поражения ЦНС характеризуются высоким уровнем летальности (10-30% и более), у выживших пациентов часто отмечаются серьезные последствия заболевания. Раннее распознавание и правильная диагностика, своевременно начатая антимикробная терапия могут уменьшить тяжесть листериозной инфекции.

Annotation

In recent years, outbreaks of listeriosis have become more frequent all over the world. Listeria monocytogenes, which commonly contaminates food, can cause potentially fatal infections. Listeriosis refers to diseases characterized by polymorphism of clinical manifestations and variety of outcomes of the disease. Listeriosis lesions of the central nervous system (CNS) include listeriosis meningitis, listeriosis meningoencephalitis, listeriosis cerebritis (brain abscess), listeriosis encephalitis of the brain stem (brainstem encephalitis). Such rare diseases occur mainly in patients with weakened immune systems or the elderly. However, listeriosis encephalitis occurs in people who were previously healthy, and it is quite difficult to recognize this disease, especially in the early stages. Listeriosis damages of the CNS are characterized by high mortality (10-30% or more), and serious consequences of the disease are often noted in survivors. Early recognition and proper diagnosis, as well as the timely use of appropriate antibiotics, can reduce the severity of listeria infection.
Key words: review; listeriosis; meningitis; lesion of the central nervous system; Listeria monocytogenes

Об авторах

Список литературы

ЛИТЕРАТУРА
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