О ПРОБЛЕМЕ КЛИНИЧЕСКОЙ ЛАБОРАТОРНОЙ ДИАГНОСТИКИ ЭНДЕМИЧЕСКИХ МИКОЗОВ В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ (обзор литературы)

Аннотация

Эндемические особо опасные микозы в последнее время регистрируют во многих регионах мира. Диморфные грибы-возбудители этих микозов обитают преимущественно в почвах на территориях Северной и Южной Америки, Африки. Объективная информация по обнаружению этих грибов в России отсутствует. Представлен анализ публикаций последнего десятилетия по клинической лабораторной диагностике в России случаев трех эндемических микозов (кокцидиоидомикоза, гистоплазмоза, бластомикоза). Диагноз основан на выявлении элементов дрожжевой фазы предполагаемых возбудителей в тканях пациентов. Идентификация этих грибов в клинических образцах на основании только результатов микроскопии может быть ошибочной в связи со схожей морфологией других грибов. Точный диагноз эндемических микозов в России должен быть верифицирован выделением штамма возбудителя и подтвержден молекулярно-генетическими, иммунологическими, протеомным методами в референс-центре по мониторингу за особо опасными микозами.

Annotation

Endemic systemic mycoses are recently emerging in many regions of the world. Dimorphic fungi, the causative agents of these mycoses inhabit the external environment mainly in the territories of North and South America, Africa. There is no objective information on the existence of these fungi in Russia. The article presents an analysis of publications of the last decade on clinical diagnostics of cases of three dimorphic mycoses (coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, blastomycosis) in Russia. The diagnosis was based on the detection of yeast phase elements of the suspected pathogens in the tissues of patients. However, the identification of these fungi in clinical samples based only on microscopy results may be erroneous due to the similar morphology of other fungi. An accurate diagnosis of endemic mycoses in Russia and Northern Eurasia should be verified by isolating the pathogen strain and confirmed by molecular genetic, immunological and proteomic methods in a reference center for monitoring of particularly dangerous mycoses.
Key words: endemic mycoses; coccidioidomycosis; histoplasmosis; blastomycosis

Об авторах

Список литературы

ЛИТЕРАТУРА
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Benedict K., Williams S.L., Smith D.J., Lindsley M.D., Lockhart S.R., Toda M. Testing for Blastomycosis, Coccidioidomycosis, and Histoplasmosis at a Major Commercial Laboratory, United States, 2019-2024. Open Forum Infect. Dis. 2024; 11(8): ofae448. DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae448.
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