СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ МЕТОДЫ ДИАГНОСТИКИ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ ПАРОДОНТА: ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ (ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ)

Гимранова И.А.Акмалова Г.М.Газизуллина Г.Р.Хакимова Л.Р.

Doi: 10.51620/0869-2084-2023-68-9-570-577 ISSN: 0869-2084 (Print) ISSN: 2412-1320 (Online)

Аннотация Об авторах Список литературы Ключ. слова

Аннотация

Микробиом полости рта имеет большое значение при заболеваниях пародонта. Микроорганизмы, образующие зубной налет, являются основной причиной пародонтита. Быстрая колонизация в поддесневой области может радикально изменить клиническое состояние пародонта. Идентификация состава биопленок ротовой полости и понимание сложных взаимосвязей, в которых участвуют микроорганизмы, факторы окружающей среды и состояние здоровья человека, позволяют улучшить диагностику, целенаправленную терапию пациентов с пародонтитом и прогнозирование течения заболевания. Методы молекулярной диагностики все больше отодвигают идентификацию пародонтопатогенов микробиологическими исследованиями. Так как имеют значительные преимущества такие, как быстрое и более точное получение результатов, способность обнаруживать и идентифицировать все микроорганизмы в биопленках полости рта, включая некультивируемые виды, показывая сложность микробиома полости рта и обнаруживая появление устойчивости к антибиотикам у патогенных микроорганизмов. В обзоре описаны следующие методы: культивирование пародонтопатогенов, полимеразная цепная реакция (ПЦР), полимеразная цепная реакция в реальном времени (ПЦР в реальном времени), изотермическая петлевая амплификация (LAMP), секвенирование гена 16S рРНК, секвенирование следующего поколения (NGS) и микрочипы с использованием метода гибридизации. Описаны преимущества и недостатки методов в исследовании парадонтопатогенов. Перечисленные методы позволяют быстро обнаруживать даже небольшие количества бактерий, присутствующие в диагностическом материале, и оказываются особенно полезными для обнаружения микроорганизмов, которые трудно или невозможно вырастить в бактериологических лабораториях.

Annotation

The oral microbiome is of great importance in periodontal disease. Plaque forming microorganisms are the main cause of periodontitis. Rapid colonization in the subgingival region can radically change the clinical state of the periodontium. Identify the composition of oral biofilms and understand the complex relationships that involve microorganisms, environmental factors, and human health. All this makes it possible to improve the diagnosis, targeted therapy of patients with periodontitis and the prognosis of the course of the disease. Methods of molecular diagnostics increasingly postpone the identification of periodontopathogens by microbiological studies. Since there are significant advantages such as faster and more accurate results, the ability to detect and identify all microorganisms in oral biofilms, including non-culturable species, showing the complexity of the oral microbiome and detecting the emergence of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic microorganisms. The following methods are described in the review: cultivation of periodontal pathogens, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR), isothermal loop amplification (LAMP), 16S rRNA gene sequencing, next generation sequencing (NGS), and microarrays with using the hybridization method. The advantages and disadvantages of methods in the study of periodontopathogens are described. These methods allow for the rapid detection of even small amounts of bacteria present in diagnostic material and are particularly useful for the detection of microorganisms that are difficult or impossible to grow in bacteriological laboratories.

Об авторах

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Ключевые слова

#NGS-секвенирование #Porphyromonas gingivalis #Treponema denticola и Tannerella forsythia #диагностика #пародонтит #ПЦР #секвенирование

Для цитирования: Гимранова И.А. , Хакимова Л.Р., Акмалова Г.М., Газизуллина Г.Р. Современные методы диагностики заболеваний пародонта: возможности и перспективы (обзор литературы). Клиническая лабораторная диагностика. 2023; 68 (9): 570-577. DOI: https://doi.org/10.51620/0869-2084-2023-68-9-570-577

For citation: Gimranova I.A., Khakimova L.R., Akmalova G.М., Gazizullina G. R. Modern methods of diagnosis of periodontal diseases: opportunities and prospects (review of literature). Klinicheskaya Laboratornaya Diagnostika (Russian Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics). 2023; 68 (9): 570-577 (in Russ.) DOI: https://doi.org/10.51620/0869-2084-2023-68-9-570-577