Аннотация
Стрептококки — одни из широко изученных патогенов в клинической микробиологии. Подробно описана морфологическая структура стрептококков, изучены их факторы вирулентности и доминирующие клинические проявления заболеваний. Несмотря на то, что спектр заболеваний этиологическим агентом которых являются стрептококки, велик, накапливается всё больше данных об их клинической значимости. Большинство видов стрептококков являются частью нормобиоты различных биотопов организма, появляется информация о значении стрептококков не только при классических инфекциях (пневмония, менингиты, отиты, миофасцииты), но и при других заболеваниях. Имеется информация о роли стрептококков при онкологических заболеваниях, что ещё больше актуализирует значение стрептококковых инфекций в патологии человека. Цель работы — анализ видового спектра стрептококков, выделенных при различных типах хирургической патологии из раневого отделяемого и из крови. За период с 2018 по 2023 год из раневого отделяемого выделены 433 штамма стрептококков различных видов. Среди клинических изолятов лидируют: S. anginosus (143 штамма), S. agalactiae (80 штаммов), S. constellatus (31 штамм), S. pyogenes (27 штаммов), S. oralis и S. vestibularis по 26 штаммов, соответственно. За аналогичный период зарегистрировано 894 случая положительной гемокультуры от 717 пациентов, из которых в 36 случаях выделены различные виды стрептококков, что составило 4,0% от всех случаев. Эти данные актуализируют значение стрептококков в медицинской практике и требуют пристального внимания и глубокого изучения со стороны клиницистов и со стороны специалистов в области медицинской микробиологии и клинической лабораторной диагностики.
Annotation
Streptococcus are one of the widely studied pathogens in clinical microbiology. The morphological structure of Streptococcus is described in detail, their virulence factors and the dominant clinical manifestations of diseases are studied. Despite the fact that the spectrum of diseases of the etiological agent, which are Streptococcus, is large, more and more data is accumulating about their clinical significance. Most species of Streptococcus are part of the normobiota of various biotopes of the body, there is information about the importance of streptococci not only in classical infections (pneumonia, meningitis, otitis media, myofasciitis), but also in other diseases. There is information about the role of streptococci in oncological diseases, which further actualizes the importance of Streptococcus infections in human pathology. Purpose — to analyze the species spectrum of Streptococcus isolated from wound discharge and from blood in various types of surgical pathology. For the period from 2018 to 2023, 433 strains of various types of Streptococcus were isolated from the wound discharge. The leading clinical isolates were: S. anginosus (143 strains), S. agalactiae (80 strains), S. constellatus (31 strains), S. pyogenes (27 strains), S. oralis and S. vestibularis, 26 strains each, respectively. During the same period, 894 cases of positive blood culture were registered from 717 patients, of which in 36 cases various types of streptococci were isolated, which accounted for 4.0% of all cases. These data update the importance of Streptococcus in medical practice and require close attention and in-depth study on the part of clinicians and specialists in the field of medical microbiology and clinical laboratory diagnostics.
Key words: wound infections; surgical diseases; sepsis; Streptococcus; periodontitis.
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